CadenceĪ pair of chords in which the harmony marks the end of a musical statement (eg perfect, plagal, interrupted and imperfect). BreakĪ short instrumental solo, often improvised and used in pop and jazz. Stands for ‘beats per minute’ and used for measuring the tempo of a piece of music. Blues noteĪ flattened note (lowered in tone by a half step), usually the third or seventh, used especially in blues music. Blues scaleĪ six-note minor pentatonic scale with the addition of a flattened fifth (eg a blues scales in C minor includes the notes C, Eb, F, Gb, G and Bb). It is usually written as an AABB or AB form. The structure of a piece of music which is divided into two different sections. Using your voice to produce musical and rhythmic sounds (eg drum beats, hi-hat or cymbal noises, brass effects etc). BaritoneĪ male voice with a range midway between tenor and bass. BackbeatĪ strong rhythmic accent on the second and fourth beats of a bar of a piece in 4/4 time, used especially in jazz and popular music. The relative volume levels between voices and/or instruments to achieve clarity of recording, as used in music production. Automated double tracking (ADT)ĪDT imitates the effect of doubling voices or instruments using double tracking, without the need for a musician to overdub their part (they perform their part only once). AugmentationĪ compositional device where the time values of the notes of a melody can be lengthened, or the interval between two notes can be widened (eg augmented 4th). Sound recording of students’ final performances. Music composed without a key or tonal centre. The effect on how the note is played (eg phrase mark, staccato, slur, accent and legato etc). ArpeggioĪ type of broken chord in which the notes that compose a chord are played or sung in an ascending or descending order (eg an ascending arpeggio of a C major chord is C, E and G). An aria is usually sung after a recitative. AriaĪ composition for solo voice, usually contained within a larger musical work and which may be accompanied by instruments or a full orchestra (eg oratorios, operas). Specified genres, styles and traditions of music that must be studied. ArcoĪn instruction given to string players to use the bow. Arch-shapeĪ structure of contrasting sections in the form A-B-C-B-A. Annotationĭiagrams, screenshots and written notes showing how the piece was composed, including aspects such as the use of instruments, harmonies, key etc. AntiphonyĪ musical texture in which the musical ideas are passed between different groups of instruments or voices. AnthemĪ vocal piece that has special importance for a particular group of people or a country, often performed on a special occasion (eg Coronation anthems). AnacrusisĪ note or sequence of notes which precede the first strong beat of a musical phrase, particularly at the start of a piece. Pieces written with an instrumental or vocal part designed to support or complement the melody. In DJing, this refers to vocal-only tracks. The performance by a singer or a singing group without instrumental accompaniment. The chords are based on I, IV and V (eg jazz, rock, R&B etc). A 12-bar blues progression is composed of three four-bar phrases, whilst a 16-bar blues progression is composed of four four-bar phrases.
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